The Hypophysics of Philosophical Nationalism: Derrida, Fichte

Dwivedi, Divya

doi:10.5840/ecoethica202342652

Eco-ethica

Volume 10, 2022

Ethics, Politics, and the Idea of Nature

Divya Dwivedi

Pages 43-60

https://doi.org/10.5840/ecoethica202342652

The Hypophysics of Philosophical Nationalism
Derrida, Fichte

Is there a philosophical nationalism? Reading Fichte’s Addresses to the German Nation and its use by the Nazis, Derrida concluded that all nationalisms are philosophical and onto-theological as they are posited beyond race, biology, and nature. However, Fichte’s text reveals a specific form of racism that insists on biology and nature. Fichte’s racism is a species of “hypophysics,” a consecration of nature as value. His theory of language is simultaneously biological and spiritual, these two aspects flowing from a single geistige Naturgesetz (spiritual-natural-law) and determining the hypophysical unity of language, community and “philosophy” (as he defined it). The logic of such a hypophysics is misrecognized and left unaddressed in the conventional categories of “naturalism” and “biologism.” Further, hypophysical-logic is not onto-theo-logic (in Heidegger’s definition). This imposes new questions for the history and future of philosophy: how does hypophysics enter philosophy; can there be philosophy without hypophysics and its attendant racisms?

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